What Are The Branches Of Mathematics Pdf

There are 5 main branches of mathematics, i.e. Algebra, Number Theory, Arithmetic and Geometry. Branching from these oldest branches of math, there are various different specialisations that have sprouted like Probability and Statistics, Topology, Matrix Algebra, Game Theory, Operations Research, amongst others. Read this blog to know all about branches of mathematics with their list, tree and more!

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Branches of Mathematics Tree

Branches of Mathematics

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Mathematics is a complex area of study and comprises interlinked topics and overlapping concepts. An extensive analysis of the branches of mathematics helps students in organizing their concepts clearly and develop a strong foundation. Being aware of the differences and uniqueness of each branch helps in methodically studying various concepts of maths. Being aware of the specific branches of mathematics also guides students in deciding the branch they would like to pursue as a career.

Here are the main branches of mathematics:

Foundations
Arithmetic
Algebra
Geometry
Trigonometry
Calculus
Probability and Statistics
Number Theory
Topology

Below explained are the important branches of mathematics with their unique features and distinct concepts. These branches are important for laying a strong foundation for mathematics.

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Arithmetic

"Arithmetic must be discovered in just the same sense in which Columbus discovered the West Indies, and we no more create numbers than he created the Indians."
– Bertrand Russell

This is one of the most basic branches of mathematics. Arithmetic deals with numbers and their applications in many ways. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division form its basic groundwork as they are used to solve a large number of questions and progress into more complex concepts like exponents, limits, and many other types of calculations. This is one of the most important branches because its fundamentals are used in everyday life for a variety of reasons from simple calculations to profit and loss computation.

Algebra

"The algebraic sum of all the transformations occurring in a cyclical process can only be positive, or, as an extreme case, equal to nothing."
– Rudolf Clausius

A broad field of mathematics, algebra deals with solving generic algebraic expressions and manipulating them to arrive at results. Unknown quantities denoted by alphabets that form a part of an equation are solved for and the value of the variable is determined. A fascinating branch of mathematics, it involves complicated solutions and formulas to derive answers to the problems posed.

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Geometry

"The description of right lines and circles, upon which geometry is founded, belongs to mechanics. Geometry does not teach us to draw these lines, but requires them to be drawn."
-Isaac Newton

Do you often wonder about the shapes and sizes of various objects? Then geometry is the branch you must explore. Dealing with the shape, sizes, and volumes of figures, geometry is a practical branch of mathematics that focuses on the study of polygons, shapes, and geometric objects in both two-dimensions and three-dimensions. Congruence of objects is studied at the same time focussing on their special properties and calculation of their area, volume, and perimeter. The importance of geometry lies in its actual usage while creating objects in practical life.

Trigonometry

Derived from Greek words "trigonon" meaning triangle and "metron" meaning "measure", trigonometry focuses on studying angles and sides of triangles to measure the distance and length. Amongst the prominent branches of mathematics used in the world of technology and science to develop objects, trigonometry is a study of the correlation between the angles and sides of the triangle. It is all about different triangles and their properties!

Calculus

"Calculus is the most powerful weapon of thought yet devised by the wit of man."
– Wallace B. Smith

It is one of the advanced branches of mathematics and studies the rate of change. With the advent of calculus, a revolutionary change was brought about in the study of maths. Earlier maths could only work on static objects but with calculus, mathematical principles began to be applied to objects in motion. Used in a multitude of fields, the branch can be further categorized into the differential and integral calculus both starkly different from each other. A branch with mind-numbing questions, calculus is an interesting concept introduced to students at a later stage of their study in mathematics.

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Probability and Statistics

The abstract branch of mathematics, probability and statistics use mathematical concepts to predict events that are likely to happen and organize, analyze, and interpret a collection of data. Amongst the relatively newer branches of mathematics, it has become indispensable because of its use in both natural and social sciences. The scope of this branch involves studying the laws and principles governing numerical data and random events. Presenting an interesting study, statistics, and probability is a branch full of surprises.

Number Theory

"Mathematics is the queen of the sciences, and number theory is the queen of mathematics."
– Carl Friedrich Gauss

As the name suggests, Number theory is one of the oldest branches of Mathematics which established a relationship between numbers belonging to the set of real numbers. The basic level of Number Theory includes introduction to properties of integers like addition, subtraction, multiplication, modulus and builds up to complex systems like cryptography, game theory and more.

Topology

"The basic ideas and simplest facts of set-theoretic topology are needed in the most diverse areas of mathematics; the concepts of topological and metric spaces, of compactness, the properties of continuous functions and the like are often indispensable."
– Pavel Sergeevich Aleksandrov

Topology is a much recent addition into the branches of Mathematics list. It is concerned with the deformations in different geometrical shapes under stretching, crumpling, twisting and bedding. Deformations like cutting and tearing are not included in topologies. Its application can be observed in differentiable equations, dynamical systems, knot theory, and Riemann surfaces in complex analysis.

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Advanced Branches of Mathematics

There are a vast number of advanced branches which are a part of the major branches mentioned above. These branches are studied at an advanced level and involve complex concepts that need strong computational skills. Such advanced branches are listed below.

Here are the 10 branches of mathematics:

Matrix Algebra
Numerical Analysis
Operations Research
Complex Numbers
Calculus
Set Theory
Game Theory
Analysis
Cartesian Geometry
Combinatorics

Branches of Pure Mathematics

Pure mathematics can be simply described as the study of mathematical concepts purely based on maths and independent of any concept outside of mathematics. Here is the list of branches of Pure Mathematics:

Algebra
Number Theory
Geometry
Arithmetic
Topology
Combinatorics
Mathematical Analysis

Branches of Applied Mathematics

Applied Mathematics uses the applications of varied other disciplines and combines it with mathematical concepts. It is simply the combined application of mathematics with specialised knowledge.

Here are the branches of applied mathematics:

Statistics and Probability
Set Theory
Calculus
Trigonometry

Fun Fact: Archimedes [287 – 212 BC] is the father of Mathematics

Top Universities for Courses in Mathematics

For aspirants wishing to establish a career in mathematics, the first step is to pursue a course in your chosen branch of Mathematics. Many renowned universities of the world offer lauded degrees in mathematics and its varied branches. Being aware of the major picks available to one helps in reducing the dilemma that comes with choosing the university. Tabulated below are some of the top class universities offering esteemed mathematics programs.

University	Country
Imperial College London	England
University of Dundee	Scotland
Jacobs University Bremen	Germany
University of Pavia	Italy
Carleton University	Canada
Southern Utah University	United States
Cardiff University	Wales
University of Almeria	Spain
Clarkson University	United States
East-West University	United States

Top Indian Colleges for Mathematics

Fergusson College
Mount Carmel College
Stella Maris College
St. Xavier's College
Jadavpur University
St.Stephen's College
Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College
Christ University

FAQs

What are the four branches of Mathematics?

Algebra, Geometry, Calculus and Statistics & Probability are considered to be the 4 main branches of Mathematics.

What is the hardest branch of Maths?

Algebra is the hardest branch of Maths. Abstract algebra particularly is the most difficult portion as it includes complex and infinite spaces.

Who is the father of Mathematics?

Archimedes [287 – 212 BC] is the father of Mathematics

Who invented Math?

It is difficult to trace back the exact origins of Maths. But it is estimated that in early 6th century , Pythagoreans invented Maths. After that Euclid introduced the axiomatic method consisting of definition, axiom, theorem, and proof.

Are you intrigued by numbers and have a flair in doing difficult numeric calculations? Mathematics is an all-encompassing science that deals with quantity, space and numbers and abstract concepts as well as applied maths in other fields. While at first glance it might be difficult to identify the branches of mathematics, it is imperative to possess knowledge about them for any student wishing to gain a holistic idea about the subject. We hope this blog has presented a comprehensive list of different areas of study and branches of mathematics. Planning to study a degree in Mathematics? Experts at Leverage Edu can help you find the best course and university as well as assist you throughout the admission process to ensure that you send a winning application! Sign up for a free session today!